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- Xpdf
- ====
- version 3.03
- 2011-aug-15
- The Xpdf software and documentation are
- copyright 1996-2011 Glyph & Cog, LLC.
- Email: derekn@foolabs.com
- WWW: http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
- The PDF data structures, operators, and specification are
- copyright 1985-2006 Adobe Systems Inc.
- What is Xpdf?
- -------------
- Xpdf is an open source viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF)
- files. (These are also sometimes also called 'Acrobat' files, from
- the name of Adobe's PDF software.) The Xpdf project also includes a
- PDF text extractor, PDF-to-PostScript converter, and various other
- utilities.
- Xpdf runs under the X Window System on UNIX, VMS, and OS/2. The non-X
- components (pdftops, pdftotext, etc.) also run on Windows and Mac OSX
- systems and should run on pretty much any system with a decent C++
- compiler. Xpdf will run on 32-bit and 64-bit machines.
- License & Distribution
- ----------------------
- Xpdf is licensed under the GNU General Pulbic License (GPL), version 2
- or 3. This means that you can distribute derivatives of Xpdf under
- any of the following:
- - GPL v2 only
- - GPL v3 only
- - GPL v2 or v3
- The Xpdf source package includes the text of both GPL versions:
- COPYING for GPL v2, COPYING3 for GPL v3.
- Please note that Xpdf is NOT licensed under "any later version" of the
- GPL, as I have no idea what those versions will look like.
- If you are redistributing unmodified copies of Xpdf (or any of the
- Xpdf tools) in binary form, you need to include all of the
- documentation: README, man pages (or help files), COPYING, and
- COPYING3.
- If you want to incorporate the Xpdf source code into another program
- (or create a modified version of Xpdf), and you are distributing that
- program, you have two options: release your program under the GPL (v2
- and/or v3), or purchase a commercial Xpdf source license.
- If you're interested in commercial licensing, please see the Glyph &
- Cog web site:
- http://www.glyphandcog.com/
- Compatibility
- -------------
- Xpdf is developed and tested on Linux.
- In addition, it has been compiled by others on Solaris, AIX, HP-UX,
- Digital Unix, Irix, and numerous other Unix implementations, as well
- as VMS and OS/2. It should work on pretty much any system which runs
- X11 and has Unix-like libraries. You'll need ANSI C++ and C compilers
- to compile it.
- The non-X components of Xpdf (pdftops, pdftotext, pdfinfo, pdffonts,
- pdfdetach, pdftoppm, and pdfimages) can also be compiled on Windows
- and Mac OSX systems. See the Xpdf web page for details.
- If you compile Xpdf for a system not listed on the web page, please
- let me know. If you're willing to make your binary available by ftp
- or on the web, I'll be happy to add a link from the Xpdf web page. I
- have decided not to host any binaries I didn't compile myself (for
- disk space and support reasons).
- If you can't get Xpdf to compile on your system, send me email and
- I'll try to help.
- Xpdf has been ported to the Acorn, Amiga, BeOS, and EPOC. See the
- Xpdf web page for links.
- Getting Xpdf
- ------------
- The latest version is available from:
- http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
- or:
- ftp://ftp.foolabs.com/pub/xpdf/
- Source code and several precompiled executables are available.
- Announcements of new versions are posted to comp.text.pdf and emailed
- to a list of people. If you'd like to receive email notification of
- new versions, just let me know.
- Running Xpdf
- ------------
- To run xpdf, simply type:
- xpdf file.pdf
- To generate a PostScript file, hit the "print" button in xpdf, or run
- pdftops:
- pdftops file.pdf
- To generate a plain text file, run pdftotext:
- pdftotext file.pdf
- There are five additional utilities (which are fully described in
- their man pages):
- pdfinfo -- dumps a PDF file's Info dictionary (plus some other
- useful information)
- pdffonts -- lists the fonts used in a PDF file along with various
- information for each font
- pdfdetach -- lists or extracts embedded files (attachments) from a
- PDF file
- pdftoppm -- converts a PDF file to a series of PPM/PGM/PBM-format
- bitmaps
- pdfimages -- extracts the images from a PDF file
- Command line options and many other details are described in the man
- pages (xpdf(1), etc.) and the VMS help files (xpdf.hlp, etc.).
- All of these utilities read an optional configuration file: see the
- xpdfrc(5) man page.
- Upgrading from Xpdf 3.02 (and earlier)
- --------------------------------------
- The font configuration system has been changed. Previous versions
- used mostly separate commands to configure fonts for display and for
- PostScript output. As of 3.03, configuration options that make sense
- for both display and PS output have been unified.
- The following xpdfrc commands have been removed:
- * displayFontT1, displayFontTT: replaced with fontFile
- * displayNamedCIDFontT1, displayNamedCIDFontTT: replaced with fontFile
- * displayCIDFontT1, displayCIDFontTT: replaced with fontFileCC
- * psFont: replaced with psResidentFont
- * psNamedFont16: replaced with psResidentFont16
- * psFont16: replaced with psResidentFontCC
- See the xpdfrc(5) man page for more information on the new commands.
- Pdftops will now embed external 16-bit fonts (configured with the
- fontFileCC command) when the PDF file refers to a non-embedded font.
- It does not do any subsetting (yet), so the resulting PS files will be
- large.
- Compiling Xpdf
- --------------
- See the separate file, INSTALL.
- Bugs
- ----
- If you find a bug in Xpdf, i.e., if it prints an error message,
- crashes, or incorrectly displays a document, and you don't see that
- bug listed here, please send me email, with a pointer (URL, ftp site,
- etc.) to the PDF file.
- Acknowledgments
- ---------------
- Thanks to:
- * Patrick Voigt for help with the remote server code.
- * Patrick Moreau, Martin P.J. Zinser, and David Mathog for the VMS
- port.
- * David Boldt and Rick Rodgers for sample man pages.
- * Brendan Miller for the icon idea.
- * Olly Betts for help testing pdftotext.
- * Peter Ganten for the OS/2 port.
- * Michael Richmond for the Win32 port of pdftops and pdftotext and the
- xpdf/cygwin/XFree86 build instructions.
- * Frank M. Siegert for improvements in the PostScript code.
- * Leo Smiers for the decryption patches.
- * Rainer Menzner for creating t1lib, and for helping me adapt it to
- xpdf.
- * Pine Tree Systems A/S for funding the OPI and EPS support in
- pdftops.
- * Easy Software Products for funding several improvements to the
- PostScript output code.
- * Tom Kacvinsky for help with FreeType and for being my interface to
- the FreeType team.
- * Theppitak Karoonboonyanan for help with Thai support.
- * Leonard Rosenthol for help and contributions on a bunch of things.
- * Alexandros Diamantidis and Maria Adaloglou for help with Greek
- support.
- * Lawrence Lai for help with the CJK Unicode maps.
- Various people have contributed modifications made for use by the
- pdftex project:
- * Han The Thanh
- * Martin Schröder of ArtCom GmbH
- References
- ----------
- Adobe Systems Inc., _PDF Reference, sixth edition: Adobe Portable
- Document Format version 1.7_.
- http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
- [The manual for PDF version 1.7.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., "Errata for the PDF Reference, sixth edition,
- version 1.7", October 16, 2006.
- http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
- [The errata for the PDF 1.7 spec.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., _PostScript Language Reference_, 3rd ed.
- Addison-Wesley, 1999, ISBN 0-201-37922-8.
- [The official PostScript manual.]
- Adobe Systems, Inc., _The Type 42 Font Format Specification_,
- Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5012. 1998.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5012.Type42_Spec.pdf
- [Type 42 is the format used to embed TrueType fonts in PostScript
- files.]
- Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files Specification_,
- Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5014. 1995.
- http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5014.CIDFont_Spec.pdf
- [CMap file format needed for Japanese and Chinese font support.]
- Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-Japan1-4 Character Collection for
- CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5078.
- 2000.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5078.CID_Glyph.pdf
- [The Adobe Japanese character set.]
- Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-GB1-4 Character Collection for
- CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5079.
- 2000.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5079.Adobe-GB1-4.pdf
- [The Adobe Chinese GB (simplified) character set.]
- Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-CNS1-3 Character Collection for
- CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5080.
- 2000.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5080.CNS_CharColl.pdf
- [The Adobe Chinese CNS (traditional) character set.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., _Supporting the DCT Filters in PostScript Level
- 2_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5116. 1992.
- http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5116.PS2_DCT.PDF
- [Description of the DCTDecode filter parameters.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., _Open Prepress Interface (OPI) Specification -
- Version 2.0_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5660. 2000.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5660.OPI_2.0.pdf
- Adobe Systems Inc., CMap files.
- ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe/
- [The actual CMap files for the 16-bit CJK encodings.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., Unicode glyph lists.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/unicodegn.html
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/glyphlist.txt
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/corporateuse.txt
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/zapfdingbats.txt
- [Mappings between character names to Unicode.]
- Adobe Systems Inc., OpenType Specification v. 1.4.
- http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_spec.html
- [The OpenType font format spec.]
- Aldus Corp., _OPI: Open Prepress Interface Specification 1.3_. 1993.
- http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/OPI_13.pdf
- Anonymous, RC4 source code.
- ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto/misc/rc4.tar.gz
- ftp://idea.sec.dsi.unimi.it/pub/crypt/code/rc4.tar.gz
- [This is the algorithm used to encrypt PDF files.]
- T. Boutell, et al., "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification,
- Version 1.0". RFC 2083.
- [PDF uses the PNG filter algorithms.]
- CCITT, "Information Technology - Digital Compression and Coding of
- Continuous-tone Still Images - Requirements and Guidelines", CCITT
- Recommendation T.81.
- http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/
- [The official JPEG spec.]
- A. Chernov, "Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set". RFC 1489.
- [Documentation for the KOI8-R Cyrillic encoding.]
- Roman Czyborra, "The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup".
- http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html
- [Documentation on the various ISO 859 encodings.]
- L. Peter Deutsch, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version
- 3.3". RFC 1950.
- [Information on the general format used in FlateDecode streams.]
- L. Peter Deutsch, "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification
- version 1.3". RFC 1951.
- [The definition of the compression algorithm used in FlateDecode
- streams.]
- Morris Dworkin, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation",
- National Institute of Standards, NIST Special Publication 800-38A,
- 2001.
- [The cipher block chaining (CBC) mode used with AES in PDF files.]
- Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197 (FIPS PUBS
- 197), "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)", November 26, 2001.
- [AES encryption, used in PDF 1.6.]
- Jim Flowers, "X Logical Font Description Conventions", Version 1.5, X
- Consortium Standard, X Version 11, Release 6.1.
- ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.1/xc/doc/hardcopy/XLFD/xlfd.PS.Z
- [The official specification of X font descriptors, including font
- transformation matrices.]
- Foley, van Dam, Feiner, and Hughes, _Computer Graphics: Principles and
- Practice_, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-12110-7.
- [Colorspace conversion functions, Bezier spline math.]
- Robert L. Hummel, _Programmer's Technical Reference: Data and Fax
- Communications_. Ziff-Davis Press, 1993, ISBN 1-56276-077-7.
- [CCITT Group 3 and 4 fax decoding.]
- ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- Lossy/lossless coding of bi-level
- images_. ISO/IEC 14492, First edition (2001-12-15).
- http://webstore.ansi.org/
- [The official JBIG2 standard. The final draft of this spec is
- available from http://www.jpeg.org/jbighomepage.html.]
- ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system --
- Part 1: Core coding system_. ISO/IEC 15444-1, First edition
- (2000-12-15).
- http://webstore.ansi.org/
- [The official JPEG 2000 standard. The final committee draft of this
- spec is available from http://www.jpeg.org/JPEG2000.html, but there
- were changes made to the bitstream format between that draft and the
- published spec.]
- ITU, "Standardization of Group 3 facsimile terminals for document
- transmission", ITU-T Recommendation T.4, 1999.
- ITU, "Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for Group 4
- facsimile apparatus", ITU-T Recommendation T.6, 1993.
- http://www.itu.int/
- [The official Group 3 and 4 fax standards - used by the CCITTFaxDecode
- stream, as well as the JBIG2Decode stream.]
- B. Kaliski, "PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification,
- Version 2.0". RFC 2898.
- [Defines the padding scheme used with AES encryption in PDF files.]
- Christoph Loeffler, Adriaan Ligtenberg, George S. Moschytz, "Practical
- Fast 1-D DCT Algorithms with 11 Multiplications". IEEE Intl. Conf. on
- Acoustics, Speech & Signal Processing, 1989, 988-991.
- [The fast IDCT algorithm used in the DCTDecode filter.]
- Microsoft, _TrueType 1.0 Font Files_, rev. 1.66. 1995.
- http://www.microsoft.com/typography/tt/tt.htm
- [The TrueType font spec (in MS Word format, naturally).]
- V. Ostromoukhov, R.D. Hersch, "Stochastic Clustered-Dot Dithering",
- Conf. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and
- Graphic Arts IV, 1999, SPIE Vol. 3648, 496-505.
- http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lsp/publications/colour/scd.html
- [The stochastic dithering algorithm used in Xpdf.]
- P. Peterlin, "ISO 8859-2 (Latin 2) Resources".
- http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html
- [This is a web page with all sorts of useful Latin-2 character set and
- font information.]
- Charles Poynton, "Color FAQ".
- http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/ColorFAQ.html
- [The mapping from the CIE 1931 (XYZ) color space to RGB.]
- R. Rivest, "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". RFC 1321.
- [MD5 is used in PDF document encryption.]
- Thai Industrial Standard, "Standard for Thai Character Codes for
- Computers", TIS-620-2533 (1990).
- http://www.nectec.or.th/it-standards/std620/std620.htm
- [The TIS-620 Thai encoding.]
- Unicode Consortium, "Unicode Home Page".
- http://www.unicode.org/
- [Online copy of the Unicode spec.]
- W3C Recommendation, "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification
- Version 1.0".
- http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/
- [Defines the PNG image predictor.]
- Gregory K. Wallace, "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard".
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz
- [Good description of the JPEG standard. Also published in CACM, April
- 1991, and submitted to IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.]
- F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646". RFC 2279.
- [A commonly used Unicode encoding.]
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